# Copyright 2019-2020 by Christopher C. Little.
# This file is part of Abydos.
#
# Abydos is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# Abydos is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Abydos. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""abydos.phonetic._ainsworth.
Ainsworth's grapheme to phoneme converter
"""
import re
from ._phonetic import _Phonetic
__all__ = ['Ainsworth']
[docs]class Ainsworth(_Phonetic):
"""Ainsworth's grapheme to phoneme converter.
Based on the ruleset listed in :cite:`Ainsworth:1973`.
.. versionadded:: 0.4.1
"""
_suffixes = (
'('
+ '|'.join(
[
'able',
'ance',
'ence',
'less',
'ment',
'ness',
'ship',
'sion',
'tion',
'age',
'ant',
'ate',
'ent',
'ery',
'ful',
'ify',
'ise',
'ism',
'ity',
'ive',
'ize',
'ous',
'al',
'cy',
'en',
'er',
'es',
'fy',
'ry',
's',
'y',
]
)
+ ')'
)
_rules = [
(re.compile('^a$'), 'ə', 1),
(re.compile('^are'), 'ɑ', 3),
(re.compile('a(?=[ei])'), 'ɛi', 1),
(re.compile('ar'), 'ɑ', 2),
(re.compile('a(?=sk)'), 'ɑ', 1),
(re.compile('a(?=st)'), 'ɑ', 1),
(re.compile('a(?=th)'), 'ɑ', 1),
(re.compile('a(?=ft)'), 'ɑ', 1),
(re.compile('ai'), 'ɛi', 2),
(re.compile('ay'), 'ɛi', 2),
(re.compile('aw'), 'ɔ', 2),
(re.compile('au'), 'ɔ', 2),
(re.compile('al(?=l)'), 'ɔ', 2),
(re.compile('a(?=ble)'), 'ɛi', 1),
(re.compile('a(?=ng' + _suffixes + ')'), 'ɛi', 1),
(re.compile('a'), 'æ', 1),
(re.compile('b'), 'b', 1),
(re.compile('ch'), 'tʃ', 2),
(re.compile('ck'), 'k', 2),
(re.compile('c(?=y)'), 's', 1),
(re.compile('c(?=e)'), 's', 1),
(re.compile('c(?=i)'), 's', 1),
(re.compile('c'), 'k', 1),
(re.compile('d'), 'd', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou][bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])e$'), '', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=th)e$'), 'ə', 1),
(re.compile('^(?<=[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])e$'), 'i', 1),
(re.compile('^(?<=[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])e(?=d)'), 'ɛ', 1),
(re.compile('o(?=ld)'), 'əʊ', 1),
(re.compile('oy'), 'ɔi', 2),
(re.compile('o(?=ing)'), 'əʊ', 1),
(re.compile('oi'), 'ɔi', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=y)ou'), 'u', 2),
(re.compile('ou(?=s)'), 'ʌ', 2),
(re.compile('ough(?=t)'), 'ɔ', 4),
(re.compile('(?<=b)ough'), 'aʊ', 4),
(re.compile('(?<=t)ough'), 'ʌf', 4),
(re.compile('(?<=c)ough'), 'of', 4),
(re.compile('^(?<=r)ough'), 'ʌf', 4),
(re.compile('(?<=r)ough'), 'ʊ', 4),
(re.compile('ough'), 'əʊ', 4),
(re.compile('oul(?=d)'), 'ʊ', 3),
(re.compile('ou'), 'aʊ', 2),
(re.compile('oor'), 'ɔ', 3),
(re.compile('oo(?=k)'), 'ʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=f)oo(?=d)'), 'u', 2),
(re.compile('oo(?=d)'), 'ʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=f)oo(?=t)'), 'ʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=s)oo(?=t)'), 'ʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=w)oo'), 'ʊ', 2),
(re.compile('oo'), 'u', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=sh)oe'), 'u', 2),
(re.compile('oe'), 'əʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou][bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]d)e(?=d)$'), 'ə', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou][bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]t)e(?=d)$'), 'ə', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou][bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])e(?=d)$'), '', 1),
(re.compile('e(?=r)$'), 'ə', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=wh)ere'), 'ɛə', 3),
(re.compile('(?<=h)ere'), 'iə', 3),
(re.compile('(?<=w)ere'), 'ɜ', 3),
(re.compile('ere'), 'ir', 3),
(re.compile('ee'), 'i', 2),
(re.compile('ear'), 'ir', 3),
(re.compile('ea'), 'i', 2),
(re.compile('e(?=ver)'), 'ɛ', 1),
(re.compile('eye'), 'ɑi', 3),
(re.compile('e(?=[ei])'), 'i', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=c)ei'), 'i', 2),
(re.compile('ei'), 'ɑi', 2),
(re.compile('e(?=r)'), 'ɜ', 1),
(re.compile('eo'), 'i', 2),
(re.compile('ew'), 'ju', 2),
(re.compile('e(?=u)'), '', 1),
(re.compile('e'), 'ɛ', 1),
(re.compile('f$'), 'v', 1),
(re.compile('f'), 'f', 1),
(re.compile('g(?=e)$'), 'dʒ', 1),
(re.compile('g(?=es)$'), 'dʒ', 1),
(re.compile('g(?=' + _suffixes + ')'), 'g', 1),
(re.compile('g(?=i)'), 'dʒ', 1),
(re.compile('g(?=et)'), 'g', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=c)ow'), 'ɑʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=h)ow'), 'ɑʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=n)ow'), 'ɑʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=v)ow'), 'ɑʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=r)ow'), 'ɑʊ', 2),
(re.compile('ow'), 'əʊ', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=g)o$'), 'əʊ', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=n)o$'), 'əʊ', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=s)o$'), 'əʊ', 1),
(re.compile('o$'), 'u', 1),
(re.compile('o'), 'o', 1),
(re.compile('ph'), 'f', 2),
(re.compile('psy'), 'sɑi', 3),
(re.compile('p'), 'p', 1),
(re.compile('q'), 'kw', 1),
(re.compile('r$'), '', 1),
(re.compile('rho'), 'rəʊ', 3),
(re.compile('r'), 'r', 1),
(re.compile('sh'), 'ʃ', 2),
(re.compile('ss'), 's', 2),
(re.compile('sch'), 'sk', 3),
(re.compile('(?<=Xv)s'), 'z', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou])s$'), 'z', 1),
(re.compile('s'), 's', 1),
(re.compile('there'), 'ðɛə', 5),
(re.compile('g(?=e)'), 'dʒ', 1),
(re.compile('gh'), 'g', 2),
(re.compile('g'), 'g', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=w)h'), '', 1),
(re.compile('ha(?=v)'), 'hæ', 2),
(re.compile('h'), 'h', 1),
(re.compile('^i$'), 'ɑi', 1),
(re.compile('i(?=ty)'), 'ɪ', 1),
(re.compile('i(?=[ei])'), 'ɑi', 1),
(re.compile('ir'), 'ɜ', 2),
(re.compile('igh'), 'ɑi', 3),
(re.compile('(?<=t)io(?=n)'), 'ʌ', 2),
(re.compile('i(?=nd)'), 'ɑi', 1),
(re.compile('i(?=ld)'), 'ɑi', 1),
(re.compile('^(?<=[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])ie'), 'ɑi', 2),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou][bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])ie'), 'i', 2),
(re.compile('i'), 'ɪ', 1),
(re.compile('j'), 'dʒ', 1),
(re.compile('^k(?=n)'), '', 1),
(re.compile('k'), 'k', 1),
(re.compile('le$'), 'əl', 2),
(re.compile('l'), 'l', 1),
(re.compile('m'), 'm', 1),
(re.compile('n(?=g)'), 'ŋ', 1),
(re.compile('n'), 'n', 1),
(re.compile('or'), 'ɔ', 2),
(re.compile('o(?=[ei])'), 'əʊ', 1),
(re.compile('oa'), 'əʊ', 2),
(re.compile('their'), 'ðɛə', 5),
(re.compile('th(?=r)'), 'θ', 2),
(re.compile('th'), 'ð', 2),
(re.compile('t(?=ion)'), 'ʃ', 1),
(re.compile('t'), 't', 1),
(re.compile('u(?=pon)'), 'ʌ', 1),
(re.compile('u(?=[aeiou])'), 'u', 1),
(re.compile('u(?=[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])$'), 'ʌ', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=r)u'), 'u', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=l)u'), 'u', 1),
(re.compile('u'), 'ju', 1),
(re.compile('v'), 'v', 1),
(re.compile('w(?=r)'), '', 1),
(re.compile('wh(?=o)'), 'h', 2),
(re.compile('wha(?=t)'), 'wo', 3),
(re.compile('wa'), 'wo', 2),
(re.compile('wo(?=r)'), 'wɜ', 2),
(re.compile('w'), 'w', 1),
(re.compile('x'), 'ks', 1),
(re.compile('^y'), 'j', 1),
(re.compile('(?<=[aeiou][bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])y'), 'ɪ', 1),
(re.compile('^(?<=[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz])y'), 'ɑi', 1),
(re.compile('y(?=[ei])'), 'ɑi', 1),
(re.compile('y'), 'ɪ', 1),
(re.compile('z'), 'z', 1),
]
[docs] def encode(self, word):
"""Return the phonemic representation of a word.
Parameters
----------
word : str
The word to transform
Returns
-------
str
The phonemic representation in IPA
Examples
--------
>>> pe = Ainsworth()
>>> pe.encode('Christopher')
'tʃrɪstofɜ'
>>> pe.encode('Niall')
'nɪɔl'
>>> pe.encode('Smith')
'smɪð'
>>> pe.encode('Schmidt')
'skmɪdt'
.. versionadded:: 0.4.1
"""
# lowercase
word = word.lower()
pron = []
pos = 0
while pos < len(word):
for rule, repl, matchlen in self._rules:
if rule.match(word, pos):
pron.append(repl)
pos += matchlen
break
else:
# failed to match, but advance anyway
pos += 1
return ''.join(pron)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()