# Copyright 2014-2020 by Christopher C. Little.
# This file is part of Abydos.
#
# Abydos is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# Abydos is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Abydos. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""abydos.stemmer._lovins.
Lovins stemmer.
"""
from unicodedata import normalize
from deprecation import deprecated
from ._stemmer import _Stemmer
from .. import __version__
__all__ = ['Lovins', 'lovins']
[docs]class Lovins(_Stemmer):
"""Lovins stemmer.
The Lovins stemmer is described in Julie Beth Lovins's article
:cite:`Lovins:1968`.
.. versionadded:: 0.3.6
"""
def _cond_b(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition B.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return len(word) - suffix_len >= 3
def _cond_c(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition C.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return len(word) - suffix_len >= 4
def _cond_d(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition D.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return len(word) - suffix_len >= 5
def _cond_e(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition E.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] != 'e'
def _cond_f(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition F.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return len(word) - suffix_len >= 3 and word[-suffix_len - 1] != 'e'
def _cond_g(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition G.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return len(word) - suffix_len >= 3 and word[-suffix_len - 1] == 'f'
def _cond_h(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition H.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return (
word[-suffix_len - 1] == 't'
or word[-suffix_len - 2 : -suffix_len] == 'll'
)
def _cond_i(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition I.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] not in {'e', 'o'}
def _cond_j(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition J.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] not in {'a', 'e'}
def _cond_k(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition K.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return (len(word) - suffix_len >= 3) and (
word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'i', 'l'}
or (word[-suffix_len - 3] == 'u' and word[-suffix_len - 1] == 'e')
)
def _cond_l(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition L.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return (
word[-suffix_len - 1] not in {'s', 'u', 'x'}
or word[-suffix_len - 1] == 'os'
)
def _cond_m(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition M.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] not in {'a', 'c', 'e', 'm'}
def _cond_n(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition N.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
if len(word) - suffix_len >= 3:
if word[-suffix_len - 3] == 's':
if len(word) - suffix_len >= 4:
return True
else:
return True
return False
def _cond_o(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition O.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'i', 'l'}
def _cond_p(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition P.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] != 'c'
def _cond_q(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition Q.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return len(word) - suffix_len >= 3 and word[-suffix_len - 1] not in {
'l',
'n',
}
def _cond_r(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition R.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'n', 'r'}
def _cond_s(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition S.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 2 : -suffix_len] == 'dr' or (
word[-suffix_len - 1] == 't'
and word[-suffix_len - 2 : -suffix_len] != 'tt'
)
def _cond_t(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition T.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return (
word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'s', 't'}
and word[-suffix_len - 2 : -suffix_len] != 'ot'
)
def _cond_u(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition U.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'l', 'm', 'n', 'r'}
def _cond_v(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition V.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] == 'c'
def _cond_w(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition W.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] not in {'s', 'u'}
def _cond_x(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition X.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'i', 'l'} or (
word[-suffix_len - 3 : -suffix_len] == 'u'
and word[-suffix_len - 1] == 'e'
)
def _cond_y(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition Y.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 2 : -suffix_len] == 'in'
def _cond_z(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition Z.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] != 'f'
def _cond_aa(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition AA.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] in {'d', 'f', 'l', 't'} or word[
-suffix_len - 2 : -suffix_len
] in {'ph', 'th', 'er', 'or', 'es'}
def _cond_bb(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition BB.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return (
len(word) - suffix_len >= 3
and word[-suffix_len - 3 : -suffix_len] != 'met'
and word[-suffix_len - 4 : -suffix_len] != 'ryst'
)
def _cond_cc(self, word, suffix_len):
"""Return Lovins' condition CC.
Parameters
----------
word : str
Word to check
suffix_len : int
Suffix length
Returns
-------
bool
True if condition is met
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
return word[-suffix_len - 1] == 'l'
def _recode9(self, stem):
"""Return Lovins' conditional recode rule 9.
Parameters
----------
stem : str
Word to stem
Returns
-------
str
Word stripped of suffix
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
if stem[-3:-2] in {'a', 'i', 'o'}:
return stem
return stem[:-2] + 'l'
def _recode24(self, stem):
"""Return Lovins' conditional recode rule 24.
Parameters
----------
stem : str
Word to stem
Returns
-------
str
Word stripped of suffix
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
if stem[-4:-3] == 's':
return stem
return stem[:-1] + 's'
def _recode28(self, stem):
"""Return Lovins' conditional recode rule 28.
Parameters
----------
stem : str
Word to stem
Returns
-------
str
Word stripped of suffix
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
if stem[-4:-3] in {'p', 't'}:
return stem
return stem[:-1] + 's'
def _recode30(self, stem):
"""Return Lovins' conditional recode rule 30.
Parameters
----------
stem : str
Word to stem
Returns
-------
str
Word stripped of suffix
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
if stem[-4:-3] == 'm':
return stem
return stem[:-1] + 's'
def _recode32(self, stem):
"""Return Lovins' conditional recode rule 32.
Parameters
----------
stem : str
Word to stem
Returns
-------
str
Word stripped of suffix
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
if stem[-3:-2] == 'n':
return stem
return stem[:-1] + 's'
_suffix = {}
_recode = ()
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the stemmer.
.. versionadded:: 0.3.6
"""
self._suffix = {
'alistically': self._cond_b,
'arizability': None,
'izationally': self._cond_b,
'antialness': None,
'arisations': None,
'arizations': None,
'entialness': None,
'allically': self._cond_c,
'antaneous': None,
'antiality': None,
'arisation': None,
'arization': None,
'ationally': self._cond_b,
'ativeness': None,
'eableness': self._cond_e,
'entations': None,
'entiality': None,
'entialize': None,
'entiation': None,
'ionalness': None,
'istically': None,
'itousness': None,
'izability': None,
'izational': None,
'ableness': None,
'arizable': None,
'entation': None,
'entially': None,
'eousness': None,
'ibleness': None,
'icalness': None,
'ionalism': None,
'ionality': None,
'ionalize': None,
'iousness': None,
'izations': None,
'lessness': None,
'ability': None,
'aically': None,
'alistic': self._cond_b,
'alities': None,
'ariness': self._cond_e,
'aristic': None,
'arizing': None,
'ateness': None,
'atingly': None,
'ational': self._cond_b,
'atively': None,
'ativism': None,
'elihood': self._cond_e,
'encible': None,
'entally': None,
'entials': None,
'entiate': None,
'entness': None,
'fulness': None,
'ibility': None,
'icalism': None,
'icalist': None,
'icality': None,
'icalize': None,
'ication': self._cond_g,
'icianry': None,
'ination': None,
'ingness': None,
'ionally': None,
'isation': None,
'ishness': None,
'istical': None,
'iteness': None,
'iveness': None,
'ivistic': None,
'ivities': None,
'ization': self._cond_f,
'izement': None,
'oidally': None,
'ousness': None,
'aceous': None,
'acious': self._cond_b,
'action': self._cond_g,
'alness': None,
'ancial': None,
'ancies': None,
'ancing': self._cond_b,
'ariser': None,
'arized': None,
'arizer': None,
'atable': None,
'ations': self._cond_b,
'atives': None,
'eature': self._cond_z,
'efully': None,
'encies': None,
'encing': None,
'ential': None,
'enting': self._cond_c,
'entist': None,
'eously': None,
'ialist': None,
'iality': None,
'ialize': None,
'ically': None,
'icance': None,
'icians': None,
'icists': None,
'ifully': None,
'ionals': None,
'ionate': self._cond_d,
'ioning': None,
'ionist': None,
'iously': None,
'istics': None,
'izable': self._cond_e,
'lessly': None,
'nesses': None,
'oidism': None,
'acies': None,
'acity': None,
'aging': self._cond_b,
'aical': None,
'alist': None,
'alism': self._cond_b,
'ality': None,
'alize': None,
'allic': self._cond_bb,
'anced': self._cond_b,
'ances': self._cond_b,
'antic': self._cond_c,
'arial': None,
'aries': None,
'arily': None,
'arity': self._cond_b,
'arize': None,
'aroid': None,
'ately': None,
'ating': self._cond_i,
'ation': self._cond_b,
'ative': None,
'ators': None,
'atory': None,
'ature': self._cond_e,
'early': self._cond_y,
'ehood': None,
'eless': None,
'elity': None,
'ement': None,
'enced': None,
'ences': None,
'eness': self._cond_e,
'ening': self._cond_e,
'ental': None,
'ented': self._cond_c,
'ently': None,
'fully': None,
'ially': None,
'icant': None,
'ician': None,
'icide': None,
'icism': None,
'icist': None,
'icity': None,
'idine': self._cond_i,
'iedly': None,
'ihood': None,
'inate': None,
'iness': None,
'ingly': self._cond_b,
'inism': self._cond_j,
'inity': self._cond_cc,
'ional': None,
'ioned': None,
'ished': None,
'istic': None,
'ities': None,
'itous': None,
'ively': None,
'ivity': None,
'izers': self._cond_f,
'izing': self._cond_f,
'oidal': None,
'oides': None,
'otide': None,
'ously': None,
'able': None,
'ably': None,
'ages': self._cond_b,
'ally': self._cond_b,
'ance': self._cond_b,
'ancy': self._cond_b,
'ants': self._cond_b,
'aric': None,
'arly': self._cond_k,
'ated': self._cond_i,
'ates': None,
'atic': self._cond_b,
'ator': None,
'ealy': self._cond_y,
'edly': self._cond_e,
'eful': None,
'eity': None,
'ence': None,
'ency': None,
'ened': self._cond_e,
'enly': self._cond_e,
'eous': None,
'hood': None,
'ials': None,
'ians': None,
'ible': None,
'ibly': None,
'ical': None,
'ides': self._cond_l,
'iers': None,
'iful': None,
'ines': self._cond_m,
'ings': self._cond_n,
'ions': self._cond_b,
'ious': None,
'isms': self._cond_b,
'ists': None,
'itic': self._cond_h,
'ized': self._cond_f,
'izer': self._cond_f,
'less': None,
'lily': None,
'ness': None,
'ogen': None,
'ward': None,
'wise': None,
'ying': self._cond_b,
'yish': None,
'acy': None,
'age': self._cond_b,
'aic': None,
'als': self._cond_bb,
'ant': self._cond_b,
'ars': self._cond_o,
'ary': self._cond_f,
'ata': None,
'ate': None,
'eal': self._cond_y,
'ear': self._cond_y,
'ely': self._cond_e,
'ene': self._cond_e,
'ent': self._cond_c,
'ery': self._cond_e,
'ese': None,
'ful': None,
'ial': None,
'ian': None,
'ics': None,
'ide': self._cond_l,
'ied': None,
'ier': None,
'ies': self._cond_p,
'ily': None,
'ine': self._cond_m,
'ing': self._cond_n,
'ion': self._cond_q,
'ish': self._cond_c,
'ism': self._cond_b,
'ist': None,
'ite': self._cond_aa,
'ity': None,
'ium': None,
'ive': None,
'ize': self._cond_f,
'oid': None,
'one': self._cond_r,
'ous': None,
'ae': None,
'al': self._cond_bb,
'ar': self._cond_x,
'as': self._cond_b,
'ed': self._cond_e,
'en': self._cond_f,
'es': self._cond_e,
'ia': None,
'ic': None,
'is': None,
'ly': self._cond_b,
'on': self._cond_s,
'or': self._cond_t,
'um': self._cond_u,
'us': self._cond_v,
'yl': self._cond_r,
"'s": None,
"s'": None,
'a': None,
'e': None,
'i': None,
'o': None,
's': self._cond_w,
'y': self._cond_b,
}
self._recode = (
('iev', 'ief'),
('uct', 'uc'),
('umpt', 'um'),
('rpt', 'rb'),
('urs', 'ur'),
('istr', 'ister'),
('metr', 'meter'),
('olv', 'olut'),
('ul', self._recode9),
('bex', 'bic'),
('dex', 'dic'),
('pex', 'pic'),
('tex', 'tic'),
('ax', 'ac'),
('ex', 'ec'),
('ix', 'ic'),
('lux', 'luc'),
('uad', 'uas'),
('vad', 'vas'),
('cid', 'cis'),
('lid', 'lis'),
('erid', 'eris'),
('pand', 'pans'),
('end', self._recode24),
('ond', 'ons'),
('lud', 'lus'),
('rud', 'rus'),
('her', self._recode28),
('mit', 'mis'),
('ent', self._recode30),
('ert', 'ers'),
('et', self._recode32),
('yt', 'ys'),
('yz', 'ys'),
)
[docs] def stem(self, word):
"""Return Lovins stem.
Parameters
----------
word : str
The word to stem
Returns
-------
str
Word stem
Examples
--------
>>> stmr = Lovins()
>>> stmr.stem('reading')
'read'
>>> stmr.stem('suspension')
'suspens'
>>> stmr.stem('elusiveness')
'elus'
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 0.3.6
Encapsulated in class
"""
# lowercase, normalize, and compose
word = normalize('NFC', word.lower())
for suffix_len in range(11, 0, -1):
ending = word[-suffix_len:]
if (
ending in self._suffix
and len(word) - suffix_len >= 2
and (
self._suffix[ending] is None
or self._suffix[ending](word, suffix_len)
)
):
word = word[:-suffix_len]
break
if word[-2:] in {
'bb',
'dd',
'gg',
'll',
'mm',
'nn',
'pp',
'rr',
'ss',
'tt',
}:
word = word[:-1]
for ending, replacement in self._recode:
if word.endswith(ending):
if callable(replacement):
word = replacement(word)
else:
word = word[: -len(ending)] + replacement
return word
[docs]@deprecated(
deprecated_in='0.4.0',
removed_in='0.6.0',
current_version=__version__,
details='Use the Lovins.stem method instead.',
)
def lovins(word):
"""Return Lovins stem.
This is a wrapper for :py:meth:`Lovins.stem`.
Parameters
----------
word : str
The word to stem
Returns
-------
str: Word stem
Examples
--------
>>> lovins('reading')
'read'
>>> lovins('suspension')
'suspens'
>>> lovins('elusiveness')
'elus'
.. versionadded:: 0.2.0
"""
return Lovins().stem(word)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()